Summary of Topics for Bioengineering/Physiology 6000
System Physiology I
Mid Term #1, 2009 Edition, February 23

Rob MacLeod (macleod@cvrti.utah.edu)

• Forward
• 1 Basic Ideas in Animal Physiology
• 2 The Heart and contraction
• 3 Electrophysiology
  • 3.1 Cellular
  
  
• About this document ...

Forward

The following is a list of topics that we covered in the first part of the semester in Bioengineering 6000 course. I expect students to be familiar with each of the concepts and ideas and will draw from this list for first midterm questions.

1 Basic Ideas in Animal Physiology

1. Adaptation, acclimatization, and acclimation
2. Homeostasis: what it is, different ways of responding to external change, examples, role of negative feedback
3. Structure function relationships: what we mean by structure/function relationships, with examples.

2 The Heart and contraction

1. Structure of the heart.
2. Sequence of electrical activation of the heart.
3. Basics of EC coupling in cardiac cells.
4. Effect of preload and afterload on contraction.
5. Mechanisms for altering contraction and contractility.
6. Cardiac Cycle, pressure-volume, and cardiac function curves.
7. Basic heart types found in animals; fetal heart function.
8. Control of heart rate and contractility.

3 Electrophysiology

3.1 Cellular

1. Elements of the membrane in heart cells: channels, pumps, exchangers.
2. Critical concepts:
   • equilibrium potential
   • resting potential
   • driving force
3. Ion currents:
   • channel structure and regulation (state transition model for channel opening),
   • Hodgkin-Huxley formalism (gate variables),
   • important cardiac currents and their regulation (voltage and time dependence).
4. Action potentials:
   • different types of cardiac action potentials,
   • effects of autonomic nervous system neurotransmitters on pacemaker action potentials.
5. Excitation-Contraction coupling:
   • sequence of events in EC coupling
   • calcium induced calcium release theory
   • regulation of contraction
   • contractility

About this document ...

Summary of Topics for Bioengineering/Physiology 6000
System Physiology I
Mid Term #1, 2009 Edition, February 23

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